Abstrak

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Among the natural sources, the potential of microorganisms in drug discovery is recently increasingly explored. Many of the drugs especially antibiotics currently in the pharmaceutical market have been widely reported to be isolated from microorganisms. Culturable microorganisms can be manipulated and processed due to their huge reproduction capabilities through biotechnology. Scale-up and mass production are relatively easy with microorganisms where they can be sustainably grown in large-volume. Many microorganisms can be stored for an indefinite time, ensuring availability of the targeted source organism. Microorganisms can be manipulated both physicochemically and genetically to increase yields of the desired natural products. Among these microbes, marine fungi and bacteria have been widely studied for the past several years and are considered as a prolific source of unique bioactive chemical skeletons. Therefore, the discovery of marine derived microorganims as producer of bioactive compounds is one of the appropriate ways to obtain a new bioactive compound required in the field of health. Marine microorganisms are facultative microbes that are isolated from marine sources on marine media. This research project is focused on the discovery, isolation and structure determination of novel biologically active natural products from a variety of West Sumantran marine invertebrates derived fungi. For this purpose, we will initially screen extracts of various fungi in antibacterial and cytotoxic bioassays to identify extracts with potent bioactivities and then further subject these extracts to bioassay/metabolomic-guided fractionation using a variety of chromatographic methods in order to isolate the active natural products. The structures of these compounds are determined by the application of a variety of spectroscopic methods including advanced NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) will be applied in the preliminary screening of the fractions afforded by the selected potential marine invertebrate derived fungi. In general, this research has been developed and scheduled in three years. First year (2018), the research is focused on the isolation of marine derived fungi from various marine invertebrates. At the same time, bioactivity testing for antimicrobial and anticancer will be also conducted. The antibiotic and cytotoxicity bioactivity of isolated fungal extracts will be determined using Agar diffusion method against some pathogenic microbial and cancer cell lines using a MTT assay, respectively. Identification of potential fungal strain isolates will be accomplished using molecular biological methods.. To fast track the selection process, metabolomic tools will be employed to aid strain selection by investigating differences in the chemical profiles of the fungal extracts using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This process will be conducted by Dr. RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel from Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. In this study, we have evaluated the antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi from marine brown algae Padina sp. collected from Nirwana Beach, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Nine fungi strains have been isolated from this alga. The antimicrobial activity of EtOAc extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans by using the agar diffusion method. In this research, nine endophytic fungi were isolated from the brown marine algae Padina sp. The results of antimicrobial activity screening showed that one fungal isolate (NT3) was selected as the most active against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans with a diameter of inhibition zone of 20.98±1.56, 17.98±6.58, and 13.60±0 mm, respectively. This selected fungal was identified molecularly as Trichoderma harzianum. We conclude that Trichoderma harzianum can be a source of antimicrobial compounds However, 2 continuous research is needed to prove their bioactive action. The result of the above study submitted in international journals, namely; Dian Handayani, Nita Ananda, Muh. Ade Artasasta, Okmes Fadriyanti, Rustini Antimicrobial Activity Screening of the Marine Algal-Derived Endophytic Fungi Extracts Isolated from Marine Brown Algae Padina sp. J App Pharm Sci, 2018, under review. At this time, we still working to isolated marine derived fungi from three different species of marine sponges. Second year (2019), the activities are same with that in first year, but, some potentially bioactive isolated fungal strains will be scaled-up, in order to investigate the bioactive secondary metabolite as lead structures (candidate drugs). The structure elucidation of bioactive compounds will be conducted by Dr. RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel. Third year (2020), Optimisation of cultivation parameters prior to scale-up to target an increase yield of the target metabolites will be metabolomic-assisted,. Output of the project after three years planned is discovery and production of antibiotic and anticancer compounds with excellent quality that have a good competitiveness as a lead structure in pharmaceutical industry.