Abstrak

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Precipitation has various scales of temporal and spatial variability. Accurate observations of such variability are necessary for monitoring the variability of weather and climate and are also crucial to understand the hydrological cycle. Research on the variability of Indonesian tropical precipitation has been much focused on the spatial and temporal variability of surface rainfall and pays less attention to the vertical profile of precipitation and microphysical process affecting the precipitation such as the relationships among lightning, precipitation, and hydrometeor characteristics. The research collaboration between Andalas University and Kyoto University focus on the International Joint Research and Publicat ion Coorporation to investigate the variability of vertical profile of precipitation in Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) and its influence on the accuracy of weather radar and modeling electromagnetic wave propagation. The variability of precipitation will be investigated using multi-sensor observation combining satellite and surface measurement. In the second year, we continue our research about the variability of vertical profile of precipitation in the IMC. We have published the result in Engineering and Mathematical Topics in Rainfall published by InTechOpen as book chapter. Moreover, the vertical profiles of intense convective cloud over the IMC have been studied using long-term measurements of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) – Precipitation Radar (PR). The result has been published in International Conference on Basic Sciences and Its Applications (ICBSA) which was held on 23-24 August 2018 in Padang (proceeding indexed by scopus/Thomson Reuters). Our article about the variability of precipitation over west Sumatera has been published in Makara Journal of Science (nationally accredited journal). The relationships among the variability of vertical profile of precipitation, lightning, and hydrometeor characteristics in the IMC has been investigated to answer some physical reasons behind the finding during the first year. The result has been published in Japan Geoscience Union (JPGU) meeting which was held on 20-24 May 2018 in Chiba, Japan. Furthermore, the hydrometeor characteristics study is also important to improve the accuracy of rainfall estimates from weather radar. We have published an article about raindrop size distribution in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences (Q2, h-index = 52). Furthermore, new conversion equation for Indonesian weather radar network has been published in Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS) which was held on 1-4 August 2018 in Toyama, Japan. This result has been also presented in International Conference on Tropical Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Bandung, 19-20 September 2018 (as invited speaker and proceeding indexed by scopus). We have also examined the use of some precipitation data to improve the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) model. The results have been published in two seminars, namely PIERS 2018 (proceeding indexed by scopus) and ICBSA 2018 (proceeding indexed by scopus/Thomson Reuters).